Aerosolized administration of biopharmaceuticals to the airways is a promising route for nasal and pulmonary drug delivery, but − in contrast to small molecules − little is known about the effects of aerosolization on safety and efficacy of biopharmaceuticals. Proteins are sensitive against aerosolization-associated shear stress. Tailored formulations can shield proteins and enhance permeation, but formulation development requires extensive screening approaches. Thus, the aim of this study...
Objectives In this review paper, we explore the interaction between the functioning mechanism of different nebulizers and the physicochemical properties of the formulations!!! for several types of devices, namely jet, ultrasonic and vibrating-mesh nebulizers; colliding and extruded jets; electrohydrodynamic mechanism; surface acoustic wave microfluidic atomization; and capillary aerosol generation.